{"id":1302,"date":"2026-02-25T10:45:05","date_gmt":"2026-02-25T09:45:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/genomikadlapolski.pl\/?page_id=1302"},"modified":"2026-08-19T10:57:44","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T08:57:44","slug":"edukacja","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/genomikadlapolski.pl\/en\/edukacja\/","title":{"rendered":"Education"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Genomics - what is it?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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A strategic project aimed at expanding the national infrastructure for genomic research to \nsupport science, biotechnology, and medicine.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Knowledge of the genetic variability within a given population is crucial not only for the \nadvancement of science but also for medicine. It is thanks to large-scale genetic research \nthat it is possible to develop innovative therapies, precise diagnostic tests, and targeted \npreventive measures. Knowledge of a patient\u2019s genetic profile is the foundation of so-called \npersonalized medicine. It enables more effective preventive measures (e.g., through \nappropriate screening programs, dietary changes, or lifestyle modifications), and in the event \nof disease onset, it allows for individualized therapy selection and more effective treatment. \nGenomic testing also translates into measurable economic benefits, as well-targeted \nprevention, precise diagnostics, and personalized therapy help reduce healthcare costs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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GENE<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The basic unit of heredity, in the molecular sense, is a segment of DNA that encodes a \nmolecule - a protein or RNA - which performs specific functions within the cell.<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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GENOME<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The complete genetic information of an organism, encoded in the form of DNA. The human \ngenome is the complete set of DNA found in the cells of the human body.<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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The genetic information of every living organism on Earth is encoded in DNA, a long \nmolecule composed of repeating chemical units called nucleotides. There are only four \ndifferent nucleotides in DNA: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. Simply put, a DNA \nsequence is nothing more than a string of letters consisting of four different letters (A, C, G, \nT), which correspond to the four nucleotides found in DNA. The problem is that the DNA \nstrand is very long - in humans, it contains over 3 billion nucleotides, and their order \n(sequence) is unique to each individual. This sequence is read using special devices called \nsequencers.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Learn more about DNA sequencing technology:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Visit the website - Advances in Biochemistry<\/a> \"\"<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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We discovered the complete sequence of the human genome back in 2003, thanks to the \ninternational Human Genome Project (HGP visit the website<\/a>which lasted 13 years and \ncost over 3 billion USD. Although more than 20 years have passed since then, the human \ngenome still holds many secrets.<\/p>

Since we now know the sequences of thousands of individual genomes, our understanding \nof human genetic variation is constantly growing. We know that the genomes of individual \npeople differ from one another by about 0.15%. We can trace our ancestry back thousands \nof years. We know the mutations that cause genetic diseases, and we can also determine \npredispositions to conditions such as cancer. Thanks to genomics, we have the opportunity \nto improve healthcare. The advancement of genomics also stimulates business and \nindustrial development.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Genomics<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Knowledge<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Science<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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new discoveries, research and development, methods and tools<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Healthcare<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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cancer screening, newborn screening, prevention, diagnosis, treatment<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Society<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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ethics, roots, identity<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Industry<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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the growth of the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Finance<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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market stimulation and business development<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Genomic projects around the world<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Population-based genomic studies contribute to a deeper understanding of genetic variation, \ndisease prevalence, and predisposition to diseases. They not only enable scientific \ndiscoveries but also improve diagnostics, facilitate personalized treatment, and lead to more \neffective preventive measures. Many countries around the world recognize that genomics is \nthe foundation of modern medicine, both at the level of the individual patient and the entire \npopulation. Hence the increase in recent years in national genomic projects and international \ninitiatives, such as the European initiative 1+MG<\/strong> (1+ Million Genomes<\/strong>, visit the website<\/a>in which Poland, unfortunately, plays only an observer role. The 1+MG initiative has resulted in \nthree major European projects: Beyond 1 Million Genomes<\/a> (B1MG,<\/strong>, 2020-2023, visit the website<\/a>), Genomic Data Infrastructure (GDI, 2022-2026, visit the website<\/a>and Genome of Europe (GoE, 2024-2028, visit the website<\/a>). Only the last project involves institutions from \nPoland - the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the \nUniversity of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a.\u00a0<\/p>

Iceland is a global pioneer in genomic research. It was there that a company called deCODE \nwas founded in 1996visit the website<\/a>), which collected genetic and medical data for \napproximately 160,000 people, representing more than half of Iceland\u2019s adult population. \ndeCODE also created a genealogical database covering the entire current population and \ntracing back to the country\u2019s founding, which took place over a thousand years ago. Shortly \nthereafter, in 2000, the need for investment in population-based genetic research was \nrecognized in Estonia. As a result, Estonia now has a database of approximately 200,000 \ngenotypes of its residents, representing 20% of the country\u2019s adult population.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Other large-scale genomic projects, often supported by the government, began to be \nimplemented after 2015. In some countries, these projects were preceded by years of \npreparation aimed, among other things, at collecting research material and storing it in \nbiobanks. This model was adopted, for example, in the United Kingdom and the United \nStates, where not only substantial funds from the state budget but also capital from private \ncompanies were allocated to the development of genomics. As a result, the UK and the US \ncan now boast the largest genomic resources, which together exceed one million \nwhole-genome sequences.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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What is the situation like in Poland?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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In Poland, genomic research has so far been conducted on a smaller scale and in a \nscattered manner. The first large-scale project was carried out by the European Center for \nBioinformatics and Genomics (a consortium of the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the \nPolish Academy of Sciences and Pozna\u0144 University of Technology).<\/p>

The reference database created as part of this project, called the Genomic Map of Poland, \nwas developed using nearly 6,000 genomes. In the consortium\u2019s next project, \nECBiG-MOSAIC (visit the website<\/a>), carried out in collaboration with the Cardinal Stefan \nWyszy\u0144ski National Institute of Cardiology \u2013 State Research Institute in Warsaw (NIKARD \nPIB) and the Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology \u2013 State Research \nInstitute \u2013 Branch in Gliwice (NIO-PIB), approximately 4,000 DNA samples from cardiology \nand oncology patients were sequenced. To date, a total of approximately 11,000 whole \ngenomes have been collected in Poland.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Genomika – co to takiego? Strategiczny projekt maj\u0105cy na celu rozbudow\u0119 krajowej infrastruktury do bada\u0144 genomicznych na potrzeby nauki, biotechnologii i medycyny. Wiedza o zmienno\u015bci genetycznej wyst\u0119puj\u0105cej w danej populacji jest kluczowa nie tylko dla rozwoju nauki, ale i medycyny. To dzi\u0119ki badaniom genetycznym prowadzonym w du\u017cej skali mo\u017cliwe jest opracowywanie innowacyjnych terapii, precyzyjnych test\u00f3w […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_jet_sm_ready_style":"","_jet_sm_style":"","_jet_sm_controls_values":"","_jet_sm_fonts_collection":"","_jet_sm_fonts_links":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1302","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/genomikadlapolski.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1302","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/genomikadlapolski.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/genomikadlapolski.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/genomikadlapolski.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/genomikadlapolski.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1302"}],"version-history":[{"count":46,"href":"https:\/\/genomikadlapolski.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1302\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3773,"href":"https:\/\/genomikadlapolski.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1302\/revisions\/3773"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/genomikadlapolski.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1302"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}